Trauma Nurse Core Course (TNCC) Practice Exam 2025 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

Internal bleeding can manifest through a variety of signs and symptoms, as the body responds to the loss of blood volume and pressure. Each of the listed signs points to potential internal bleeding, highlighting the complexity and seriousness of this condition.

Visible bruising can serve as an important indicator of internal bleeding, especially if it appears in areas where trauma has occurred, suggesting that blood is leaking out of vessels into surrounding tissues. This bruising can indicate trauma-related injuries, such as fractures, liver lacerations, or splenic injuries.

Low urine output also signifies internal bleeding, reflecting the body's response to decreased circulating blood volume. As blood levels drop, kidney perfusion may decline, leading to reduced urine production. This physiological response is critical for assessing potential blood loss and warrants further investigation.

Pallor or clammy skin is another vital sign associated with internal bleeding. When blood volume decreases, the body diverts blood flow away from the skin to preserve blood for vital organs. This results in pale, cool, and clammy skin as a result of vasoconstriction and ineffective blood circulation.

Considering these points, all of these signs together indicate the presence of internal bleeding and are part of the assessment criteria that nurses and healthcare professionals should monitor closely in trauma patients.